History of Bogor

Almost in general Bogor residents have a belief that the city of Bogor has a locative relationship with the city of Pakuan, the capital of Pajajaran. The origins and meaning of Pakuan are found in various sources. Below are the search results from these sources in order of time:

Manuscript of Carita Waruga Guru (1750s). In the Old Sundanese script it is explained that the name Pakuan Pajajaran is based on that there are many trees Pakujajar.

K.F. Holle (1869). In the article entitled De Batoe Toelis te Buitenzorg (Batutulis di Bogor), Holle mentioned that near the city of Bogor there is a village called Cipaku, along with a river that has the same name. There are many nail trees found. So according to Holle, Pakuan's name has something to do with the presence of Cipaku and the nail tree. Pakuan Pajajaran means a nail tree lined ("op rijen staande pakoe bomen").

G.P. Rouffaer (1919) in the 1919 Encyclopedie van Niederlandsch Indie edition of Stibbe. Pakuan contains the meaning of "nails", but must be interpreted as "spikes of the universe" (spijker der wereld) symbolizing the king's personality as in Paku Buwono and Paku Alam. "Pakuan" according to Fouffaer is equivalent to "Maharaja". The word "Pajajaran" is defined as "standing parallel" or "off balance" (evenknie). What Rouffaer means is standing parallel or balanced with Majapahit. Although Rouffaer does not summarize the meaning of Pakuan Pajajaran, but from the description can be concluded that Pakuan Pajajaran in his opinion means "Maharaja who stands parallel or balanced with (Maharaja) Majapahit". He agreed with Hoesein Djajaningrat (1913) that Pakuan Pajajaran was founded in 1433.

R. Ng. Poerbatjaraka (1921). In the article De Batoe-Toelis bij Buitenzorg (Batutulis near Bogor) he explained that the word "Pakuan" should be derived from the ancient Javanese "pakwwan" which is then spelled "pakwan" (one "w", it is inscribed on Batutulis Inscription). In the Sundanese tongue the word will be pronounced "pakuan". The word "pakwan" means tent or palace. Thus, Pakuan Pajajaran, according to Poerbatjaraka, means "royal palace" (aanrijen staande hoven).

H. Ten Dam (1957). As an Agricultural Engineer, Ten Dam wanted to study the socio-economic life of West Java farmers with an early approach in terms of historical development. In his writings, Verkenningen Rondom Padjadjaran (Introduction around Pajajaran), the notion of "Pakuan" has something to do with the "linga" (pillar) of stone stuck next to the Batutulis inscription as a sign of power. He reminded that in Carita Parahyangan mentioned the figure of Sang Haluwesi and Sang Susuktunggal which he considered still have the meaning of "nails".

He argues that "pakuan" is not a name, but a common noun which means the capital (hoffstad) that must be distinguished from the palace. The word "pajajaran" is based on topography. He referred to the report of Captain Wikler (1690) who reported that he crossed the Pakuan palace in Pajajaran which lies between the Great River and Sungai Tanggerang (also called Ciliwung and Cisadane). Ten Dam draws the conclusion that the name "Pajajaran" arose because for several kilometers Ciliwung and Cisadane flowed parallel. So, Pakuan Pajajaran in the sense of Ten Dam is Pakuan in Pajajaran or "Dayeuh Pajajaran".

The titles of "Pakuan", "Pajajaran", and "Pakuan Pajajaran" can be found in Batutulis Inscriptions (number 1 & 2) while number 3 can be found on Kebantenan Inscription in Bekasi.

In the script Carita Parahiyangan there is a sentence that reads "The Susuktunggal, inyana nu nyieunna palangka Sriman Sriwacana Sri Baduga Maharajadiraja Ratu Haji in Pakwan Pajajaran nu mikadatwan Sri Bima Punta Narayana Madurese Suradipati, inyana pakwan Sanghiyang Sri Ratu Dewata" (The Susuktunggal, he made the throne of Sriman Sriwacana (for) Sri Baduga Maharaja The Ruler of Ruler in Pakuan Pajajaran who resides in the palace of Sri Bima Punta Narayana Madura Suradipati, namely Sanghiyang Sri Ratu Dewata).

Sanghiyang Sri Ratu Dewata is another title for Sri Baduga. So called "pakuan" it is "kadaton" named Sri Bima and rival. "Pakuan" is a residence for kings, commonly called palace, kedaton or palace. So the interpretation of Poerbatjaraka is in line with the meaning referred to in Carita Parahiyangan, the "royal palace". The interpretation is even closer when viewed by the name of the palace long enough but consists of names that stand alone. It is estimated that there are five (5) palace buildings each named: Bima, Punta, Narayana, Madura and Suradipati. This may be the so-called classical term "panca persada" (five palaces). Suradipati is the name of the royal palace. This can be compared with the names of other palaces, namely Surawisesa in Kawali, Surasowan in Banten and Surakarta in Jayakarta in the past.

Because of the long names that people may prefer to enjoy summarize it, Pakuan Pajajaran or Pakuan or Pajajaran. The name of the palace can extend to the name of the capital and eventually become the name of the country. For example: The name of the palace of Surakarta Hadiningrat and Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat, which extends the name of the capital and the name of the region. Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat in everyday language is called Yogya. The opinion of Ten Dam (Pakuan = capital) is true in usage, but wrong in terms of semantics. In the report of Tome Pires (1513) mentioned that the capital of the Sunda kingdom was named "Dayo" (dayeuh) and located in the mountainous area, two days journey from the port of Kalapa at the mouth of Ciliwung. The name "Dayo" he heard from residents or magnates of Port Kalapa. So obviously, the Port of Kalapa people use the word "dayeuh" (not "pakuan") when it comes to calling the capital. In the daily conversation, the word "dayeuh" is used, while in literature it is used "pakuan" to refer to the capital of the kingdom. For practical purposes, the following is used "Pakuan" for the name of the capital and "Pajajaran" for the name of the country, recently.

Geographical location

Geographically the city of Bogor lies between 106 '48' longitude and 6 '26' LS, geographical position of Bogor in the center of Bogor Regency and the location is very close to the national capital, is a potential strategic for economic development and growth and services, a national activity center for industry, commerce, transportation, communications, and tourism.

HEIGHT

Bogor City has an average minimum height of 190 m and a maximum of 330 m above sea level.

CLIMATE

Climatic conditions in Bogor City average monthly temperatures of 26 ° C with lowest temperatures of 21.8 ° C with highest temperatures of 30.4 ° C. 70% humidity, Average annual rainfall of about 3,500 - 4000 mm with bulk the biggest rainfall in December and January.

ADMINISTRATION AREA

City Area Bogor 11,850 ha consists of 6 sub-districts and 68 sub-districts. Then Administratively the city of Bogor consists of six sub-districts, 31 villages and 37 villages (five of them including rural villages, the village Pamoyanan, tile, Balungbangjaya, Mekarwangi and Sindangrasa), 210 village, 623 RW, 2712 RT and surrounded by the regency of Bogor, namely as follows :

• Regency of North in the north. Kemang, Bojong Gede, and Kec. Sukaraja Kabupaten Bogor.
• East side bordering on Kec. Sukaraja and Kec. Ciawi, Bogor Regency.
• Regency of West in the west. Darmaga and Kec. Ciomas, Bogor District.
• Southern side bordering on Kec. Cijeruk and Kec. Caringin, Bogor District.